LESSON 7

Numbers 0-100

0 μηδέν

1 ένα

2 δύο (δυο)

3 τρία

4 τέσσερα

5 πέντε

6 έξι

7 επτά (εφτά)

8 οκτώ (οχτώ)

9 εννέα (εννιά)

10 δέκα

11 έντεκα

12 δώδεκα

13 δεκατρία

14 δεκατέσσερα

15 δεκαπέντε

16 δεκαέξι

17 δεκαεπτά (δεκαεφτά)

18 δεκαοκτώ (δεκαοχτώ)

19 δεκαεννέα (δεκαεννιά)

20 είκοσι

21 είκοσι ένα

22 είκοσι δύο

30 τριάντα

40 σαράντα

50 πενήντα

60 εξήντα

70 εβδομήντα

80 ογδόντα

90 ενενήντα

100 εκατό

The numbers in brackets are alternative forms which may be encountered. When it has an accent, δύο is read as 2 syllables, i.e. δύ-ο. Otherwise it is pronounced as a single syllable (δυο).

Three of these numbers have different masculine, feminine and neuter forms. These are:

ένας, μια/μία, ένα (If this has an accent it is read as 2 syllables, i.e. μί-α. Otherwise it is pronounced as one syllable, i.e. μια. Both are in current use.)

τρεις, τρεις, τρία

τέσσερις, τέσσερις, τέσσερα

All other numbers remain unaltered irrespective of the gender of the noun they refer to.

Examples:

Πέντε άντρες και δύο γυναίκες Five men and two women

Πενήντα έξι ψάρια Fifty six fishes

Οι τρεις γυναίκες κοίταζαν τα τρία παιδιά The three women were watching the three children

Genitive of nouns

The genitive is generally used to express possesion or "belonging to", e.g.:

Το αυτοκίνητο του Γιώργου George's car

Το παιδί της κυρίας the lady's child

Genitive singular of feminine nouns

We simply add a final -ς to the noun like this:

Η γυναίκα της γυναίκας

Η αδερφή της αδερφής

Το γράμμα της μητέρας είναι εδώ Mother's letter is here

Genitive singular of neuter nouns

This ends in -ου. So if the noun ends in -ο, as το δέντρο, we simply add -υ to form the genitive in the singular:

το δέντρο του δέντρου

If, however, the noun ends in -ι, as το παιδί, we then add -ου:

το παιδί του παιδιού

Genitive singular of masculine nouns

The way the genitive is formed varies according to the ending of the noun:

ο άνθρωπος του ανθρώπου

ο άντρας του άντρα

ο μαθητής του μαθητή

The ending -ος changes to -ου, but -ας and -ης lose the final -ς to form the genitive singular.

Το όνομα του μαθητή είναι Γιώργος The name of the pupil is George

Το χρώμα του ουρανού είναι μπλε The color of the sky is blue

Genitive of nouns (plural)

This case is both simple and complicated. It is simple because all nouns in the genitive plural end in -ων.

οι γυναίκες των γυναικών

τα δέντρα των δέντρων

τα παιδιά των παιδιών

Οι άνθρωποι των ανθρώπων

οι άντρες των αντρών

οι μαθητές των μαθητών

It can be complicated because in Greek many nouns do not have a genitive plural at all, e.g. η ζέστη (the heat), η ζάχαρη (the sugar), η πόρτα (the door). The only way of learning which of these are not in use is the laborious one of learning through using the language; there is no rule that can be followed.

Notice again that in some cases the accent moves nearer the end of the word in the genitive, especially if in the nominative the accent lies on the third syllable from the end, e.g:

οι άνθρωποι των ανθρώπων

The rules governing this accent shift are not easy to explain right now.